(Bloomberg View) -- The proposed Republican tax plan may not be as big a boon for the economy as suggested by the performance of U.S. stocks. While equities have soared the past month on the rising prospect for corporate tax cuts, corporate bonds have done little. In fact, a basket of bonds from major companies with high tax brackets has even shown negative returns.
Bond investor skepticism contrasts with the general notion among economists that lower taxes can be quite advantageous to companies with large amounts of leverage in their capital structure as measured by combined debt and equity financing. Interest paid on debt is tax deductible, and issuing bonds effectively reduces a company’s tax liability. So, by lowering the corporate tax rate, bondholders of companies that pay high tax rates should benefit -- or so the thinking goes.
In many ways, the performance of corporate bonds is more in line with recent moves in the market for U.S. Treasuries. There, the so-called yield curve that measures the difference between short- and long-term bond rates has been narrowing. Much of the narrowing has come from a rise in short-term yields, which have increased by more than 50 basis points for the two-year note since early September. As a result, yields on shorter maturity corporate bonds have risen as well, with borrowing costs on debt due anywhere from six months to two years jumping more than 75 basis points.
A flatter credit curve is generally associated with an expected slowdown in earnings growth and an increasing risk of defaults. The rise in short-term corporate borrowing rates boosts the cost to roll over maturing debt (more than $800 billion comes due in 2018) at a time when leverage is already high. It's not hard to see the corporate credit curve moving closer to inverting as the Treasury curve flattens, pushing short term company bond yields to 2.5 percent to 3 percent.
Treasury and Corporate Yield Curves
Source: Bloomberg
Returns across the bulk of the investment-grade credit market have sagged since early September, when the prospects for a tax bill gained momentum, even though most sectors have corporate tax rates well above the Trump administration’s target of 20 percent to 22 percent.
Investment-Grade Returns by Sector Corporate Tax Rate
Source: Bloomberg Barclays Indexes
The picture in the market for high-yield corporate bonds looks worse, with the debt of healthcare, consumer, retail, media and manufacturing borrowers have generated negative returns. Although there are specific issues in regards to medical drug pricing and retailing that accounts for some of the underperformance, the message the market is sending as a whole is that these companies aren't likely to be benefit from tax cuts.
High Yield Returns by Sector Corporate Tax Rate
Source: Bloomberg Barclays Indexes
All things equal, a lower effective tax rate is always good for a company’s bottom line. But not all things are equal, and bond markets tend to be more rational than stock markets when it comes to the economy. Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller, two professors from Carnegie Mellon University who won the Nobel prize for economics, wrote their original theorem in 1958. It says that regardless of financing or dividends, the value of companies is determined by the risk of its assets. Adjusting for taxes, the value of a company should increase as debt expands. Now, the investment-grade and high-yield markets are diverging from the equity market when it comes to the impact of tax cuts. The debt market is suggesting the perceived boon from tax cuts may, in fact, be a headwind.
This column does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editorial board or Bloomberg LP and its owners.
Ben Emons is chief economist and head of credit portfolio management at Intellectus Partners LLC. The opinions expressed are his own.
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Robert Burgess at bburgess@bloomberg.net.
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