Government’s Order To Authorise Monitoring Of Computer Data Challenged In Supreme Court

Two public interest litigations were filed in the Supreme Court against the government’s notification authorising 10 central agencies to intercept, monitor and decrypt any computer system.

Advocates Manohar Lal Sharma and Amit Sahni filed separate pleas seeking to quash the government’s Dec. 20 notification that empowers 10 central probe and snoop agencies for computer interception and analysis. Both the petitioners claimed the notification was “unconstitutional”.

Sharma sought urgent listing of his plea but his request was declined by the apex court registry, and he was told that the petition would come up for hearing in the normal course.

Sahni, in his plea filed through advocate Preeti Singh, claimed the Dec. 20 notification was liable to be set aside according to the mandate of the right to privacy judgement delivered by a nine-judge Constitution bench of the top court.

The order was “undemocratic and an assault on fundamental rights of the citizens of India”, Sahni added.

The 10 agencies notified under the new order are the Intelligence Bureau, Narcotics Control Bureau, Enforcement Directorate, the Central Board of Direct Taxes, Directorate of Revenue Intelligence, Central Bureau of Investigation, National Investigation Agency, the Research and Analysis Wing, Directorate of Signal Intelligence (in service areas of J-K, North East and Assam), and Delhi Police commissioner.

The petition alleged that every citizen of the country cannot be suspected as a criminal and the object of passing the order was to have a “surveillance country or something else”.

Sahni also alleged that the government wished to snoop on every citizen. This, he said, was highly unjustified and contrary to the Constitution of India and the law laid down by the Supreme Court.

Sharma sought to prohibit the agencies from initiating any criminal proceedings, inquiry or investigation against anybody under the provisions of the IT Act based on the notification.

His plea claimed that the notification was issued “to find political opponent, thinker and speaker to control entire country under dictatorship to win coming general election under an undisclosed emergency as well as slavery which cannot be permitted within the Constitution of India”.

It also alleged that the Ministry of Home Affairs’ “blanket surveillance order must be tested against fundamental right to privacy”.

According to the notification, the state has the right to access every communication, computer and mobile and “to use it to protect political interest and object of the present executive political party”, Sharma said in his petition.

He referred to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights resolution adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 and said the government was legally bound to comply and protect right to privacy since India was one of the 48 signatories.

In his plea, Sahni has also claimed that the Dec. 20 order has “wider ramification” and the government cannot be permitted to “abuse its power to check every citizen under the garb of the said order”.

The government's move set off a political storm with the opposition accusing the Centre of trying to create a “surveillance state”.

However, the central government had said the rules for intercepting and monitoring computer data were framed in 2009 when the Congress-led UPA was in power and its new order only notified the designated authority which can carry out such action.