Fed Hints a Bias Toward Hiking Endures as Balance-Sheet Rolloff Nears End
Minutes shows Fed officials are divided over what it would take for them to raise rates again. There are no suggestions of a cut.
(Bloomberg) -- Federal Reserve policy makers see 2019 marking the end of their balance sheet run-off, but not necessarily their interest-rate increases.
Minutes of the central bank’s Jan. 29-30 policy meeting released on Wednesday showed “almost all participants” agreeing it best to halt roll-offs this year, a move that should be welcomed by investors worried the balance sheet draw-down is hurting the economy.
The news on interest rates was less friendly to financial markets, where some investors think the next move in interest rates might be down. Minutes, instead, showed Fed officials were divided over what it would take for them to raise rates again. There was no suggestion of a cut.
“The debate is still focused on whether to tighten or not, and not whether to cut,” said Wrightson ICAP LLC chief economist Lou Crandall. “The risk is tilted in the direction of more tightening.”
U.S. equity futures rose Thursday after stocks closed higher on Wednesday. In Europe, the Stoxx 600 Index slipped, though the euro gained after positive numbers from France. The European Central Bank will publish the account of its January meeting later, providing insight into policy makers’ thinking about the current slowdown in the euro area.
Risky Business
Fed officials dedicated a large portion of their discussion to concerns over risks facing the U.S. economy, ranging from slower growth in China and Europe and waning fiscal stimulus, to ongoing trade disputes and the complications from the U.K. exit from the European Union. Due to those worries, several officials “nudged down their outlooks for output growth,” the minutes showed.
The minutes also hammered home the point that officials would proceed cautiously. The record included a lengthy justification for being “patient” in deciding when and how next to adjust policy.
Still, all the discussion of downside risks and patience didn’t shift the debate into the territory where cuts came into view. Pricing in federal funds futures indicate a small chance that the Fed’s next move will be a rate cut.
Raising Rates
“Several” policy makers indicated “if the economy evolved as they expected, they would view it as appropriate to raise the target range for the federal funds rate later this year.”
That was balanced by another group of “several” officials who “argued that rate increases might prove necessary only if inflation outcomes were higher than in their baseline outlook.”
That left some economists convinced the minutes weren’t quite as dovish as the message seemingly delivered on Jan. 30, when the Fed dropped a longstanding reference in its statement to “further gradual increases” in rates, and replaced it with a promise to be patient in deciding the “timing and size of future adjustments.”
Asked whether the term “adjustments” signaled the Fed’s next move was just as likely to be a cut as a hike, Chairman Jerome Powell told reporters after the meeting that policy makers weren’t leaning strongly in either direction.
The “minutes suggest that the committee is probably still modestly biased toward the next move being a tightening, whereas the statement conveyed more of a flat neutral bias,” Michael Feroli, chief U.S. economist at JPMorgan Chase & Co., wrote in a note to clients.
That was echoed by Michael Gapen, chief U.S. economist at Barclays Plc: “The minutes, in our view, indicate that the committee retains some upward bias in its policy rate path.”
Ending Runoff
On the balance sheet, the minutes said almost all officials agreed “it would be desirable to announce before too long a plan to stop reducing the Federal Reserve’s asset holdings later this year.”
Diane Swonk, chief economist at Grant Thornton LLP, said she now expects the Fed will make that announcement in March.
Fed officials expanded their balance sheet dramatically as an emergency measure to calm debt markets and stimulate the economy during the financial crisis. The portfolio has declined to about $4 trillion from a peak of $4.5 trillion in 2015.
“They will have a permanently gigantic balance sheet,” said Ward McCarthy, chief financial economist at Jefferies LLC. “They always said it would be larger than pre-crisis, but earlier commentary suggested it would something significantly smaller.”
--With assistance from Craig Torres.
To contact the reporters on this story: Christopher Condon in Washington at ccondon4@bloomberg.net;Rich Miller in Washington at rmiller28@bloomberg.net
To contact the editors responsible for this story: Brendan Murray at brmurray@bloomberg.net, Alister Bull
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