PBOC Cuts Reserve Ratio in Tweak to Steady China Bank Liquidity
PBOC to cut reserve-requirement ratio for some banks by 1 percentage point to ease business conditions.
(Bloomberg) -- The People’s Bank of China said it will cut the reserve-requirement ratio for some banks to reduce their funding costs and in turn help ease conditions for businesses and individuals.
The 1 percentage point reduction takes effect April 25, the central bank said late Tuesday. About 900 billion yuan ($143 billion) of outstanding medium-term lending facility loans will be repaid on the day of the cut and another 400 billion yuan will be unleashed, it said in a statement.
The PBOC said the reduction in funds required to be parked with it will apply to large commercial banks, joint-stock banks, city commercial banks, rural commercial banks, and foreign lenders. It is intended to “improve the liquidity structure,” it said.
Amid a multi-year effort to cut financial risk and curb credit growth, the PBOC has been fine-tuning liquidity conditions and guiding market rates higher without raising broader borrowing costs. Even as the economy is forecast to slow this year, policy makers have given little sign they’re ready to depart from their “prudent and neutral” stance.
“It is not a liquidity-easing policy,” analysts including Larry Hu, head of China economics at Macquarie Securities Ltd. in Hong Kong wrote in a note. “It is not very likely for the PBOC to ease at this moment, given the economy still grew 6.8 percent year-on-year in the first quarter. The priority for China’s policy makers should remain as the deleveraging push.”
Domestic banks stand to make higher profits from lower reserve requirements. The resulting drop in funding costs will boost the net interest margin of listed Chinese banks by 0.9 basis point and boost their profits by 0.6 percent, China International Capital Corp. estimates.
The central bank announced a similar reduction in September. Effective in January, it applied to all major banks, 90 percent of city commercial banks, and 95 percent of rural commercial lenders and ranged from 0.5 percentage point to 1.5 percentage point depending on how much business banks do with small firms, agricultural borrowers and new companies.
While Tuesday’s announcement addresses the same issue, this cut also helps improve the funding structure for banks as the money will be used to repay MLF borrowing. That eases banks’ burden of paying MLF interest to the PBOC, in effect increasing their ability to lend to individuals and companies. In turn, that reduces the demand for shadow banking credit to the economy.
What Our Economists Say:“The impact of this decision is not to inject new liquidity, but rather to shift the source of bank funding from PBOC loans toward banks’ reserve deposits,” Bloomberg economists Tom Orlik and Fielding Chen wrote in a note. A lower cost of funds “will ultimately be passed through to corporate and household borrowers. But we’d still classify this as an optimization in policy tools, not a shift in the policy stance.” |
The central bank reiterated that it will keep the current broad policy settings and maintain “reasonable and stable” liquidity.
China’s small and micro enterprises find it hard to gain funding and financing costs are high, the PBOC said in a Q&A statement. The capital unleashed from the RRR reduction could offset some PBOC funds injection via MLF, so the cash supply in the banking system will be more stable.
The central bank will require related financial institutions to use most of the additional funding to extend loans to small and micro companies, and to reduce the financing costs and improve financial services to such firms.
The PBOC started to offer the MLF loans, ranging from three months to a year, as a traditional source of funding, outstanding funds for foreign exchange, fell amid a narrower trade surplus. Outstanding MLF loans surged to a record 4.9 trillion yuan in March.
The RRR currently stands at 17 percent for large commercial lenders, a level explained by the need to keep China’s persistent current account surpluses from dousing the domestic economy in liquidity.
“This move is a clear effort from the PBOC to mitigate the pain of financial deleveraging,” said Yao Wei, chief China economist at Societe Generale SA in Paris. “As shadow credit growth is falling quickly now, banks need all the help they can get to sustain formal bank lending.”
--With assistance from Kevin Hamlin Jun Luo and Emma Dai
To contact Bloomberg News staff for this story: Tian Chen in Beijing at tchen259@bloomberg.net, Yinan Zhao in Beijing at yzhao300@bloomberg.net.
To contact the editors responsible for this story: Jeffrey Black at jblack25@bloomberg.net, Richard Frost at rfrost4@bloomberg.net, Jeff Kearns
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With assistance from Tian Chen, Yinan Zhao