SBI Research Says Tax Cuts, Not Rate Cuts, Can Lift Consumption

Amid calls for the Reserve Bank of India to cut policy rates to boost growth in the wake of the coronavirus outbreak, State Bank of India economists doubted the efficacy of rate cuts in invigorating demand, saying a better tool can be reducing indirect taxes which can automatically lift consumer sentiment.

"Though the RBI is likely to bite the bullet to cut the rates to stimulate demand at next policy review, it is unlikely to result in any material impact on invigorating demand... but a combination of a larger rate cut and/or indirect tax rate cut can be better policy options," SBI Research said in a note on Wednesday.

Their view was based on the analysis of credit data of the top six banks, constituting three public sector banks and three private sector banks which constitute 52 percent of total bank credit as of March 2019. Both private and public sector banks are seeing robust growth in the retail segment at 15.7 percent and 12.8 percent, respectively.

In the case of the top eight state-run banks, corporate credit declined by Rs 81,535 crore between December 2018 and December 2019, while during the same period the top three private banks' corporate pie grew by Rs 1.04 lakh crore. It said a rate cut is unlikely to work in isolation as bank transmission of RBI's rate cut has been slow.

While RBI cut the rates by 135 basis points to 5.15 percent between February and October 2019, the transmission in the 1-year median marginal cost of funds based lending rate till Feb. 20 was only 59 basis points. But for corporates, fresh rupee loan rates came down by 45 basis points till January, while the same on outstanding rupee loans decreased by 11 basis points.

With the pace of deposit rate cuts picking pace (SBI cut rates again on Wednesday), transmission can be faster. Most banks, including private, are now cutting aggressively. The spread between the term deposit rates and savings rate limits the scope, however, of increased cuts in term deposits rate. Had the government followed the formulas strictly, rates on different small savings instruments would now have been lower by 80-160 basis points.

In FY19, the incremental small saving deposits were 24 percent of incremental bank deposits. If deposit rates are cut further, this can lead to clamour for withdrawals and exacerbate the situation, it warned. With the financial savings rate already not very high and the negativity around deposits, the tax concessions that the budget has proposed to eliminate might also add fuel to the fire. Already retail investors have gone searching for better returns and have burnt their fingers, the report added.