Internal Boeing Messages Say 737 Max ‘Designed by Clowns’
The communications threaten to upend Boeing’s efforts to rebuild public trust in the 737 Max.
(Bloomberg) -- Boeing Co. employees expressed alarm with the 737 Max and the flight simulators used to train pilots on the new jetliner while also mocking senior managers and regulators, in a trove of messages released by the manufacturer late Thursday.
“This airplane is designed by clowns, who in turn are supervised by monkeys,” said one company pilot in messages to a colleague in 2016. The company provided the documents in December to lawmakers and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, who are investigating the 737 Max and the process that cleared it to fly.
The internal communications threaten to upend Boeing’s efforts to rebuild public trust in the 737 Max, which has been grounded since March after two crashes that killed a total of 346 people. That will add to the hurdles for David Calhoun, a longtime board member who will take over on Jan. 13 as chief executive officer after Dennis Muilenburg was ousted last month.
“These newly released emails are incredibly damning,” said U.S. Representative Peter DeFazio, an Oregon Democrat who chairs a committee that is investigating Boeing and the Max.
“They paint a deeply disturbing picture of the lengths Boeing was apparently willing to go to in order to evade scrutiny from regulators, flight crews, and the flying public, even as its own employees were sounding alarms internally,” DeFazio said in a statement.
Boeing, which provided the documents under pressure from U.S. lawmakers, apologized and said it was committed to “full transparency” with the FAA.
“These documents do not represent the best of Boeing,” Greg Smith, the company’s interim CEO, said in a message to employees Friday. “The tone and language of the messages are inappropriate, particularly when used in discussion of such important matters, and they do not reflect who we are as a company or the culture we’ve created.”
The FAA said it has reviewed the Boeing messages and found that “nothing in the submission pointed to any safety risks that were not already identified as part of the ongoing review of proposed modifications to the aircraft.”
Boeing fell 1.6% to $330.92 at 11:52 a.m. in New York, the biggest drop on the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The stock gained 1.5% Thursday after Western authorities said a 737 crash in Iran this week was caused by a missile, not mechanical failure. Through Thursday, the shares had dropped 6.4% since the first Max crash in October 2018, while the Dow advanced 17%.
Southwest Airlines Co., the largest Max operator, called the messages “disappointing,” but said it remained confident in the work Boeing has done since the statements were made.
“As we’ve shared previously, we will not introduce the Max back into our fleet until it’s safe to fly,” said Brandy King, a spokeswoman for Southwest. “We continue to make our procedures, training, and maintenance part of the path and dedicated focus for return to service.”
Simulator Reversal
The Boeing documents -- consisting of more than 100 pages of messages, emails and memos -- were released days after the company reversed its earlier opposition to requiring Max pilots to undergo simulator training before the grounded plane resumes commercial flight.
| Some of the most notable messages: |
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“I just jedi mind tricked this fools. I should be given $1,000 every time I take one of these calls. I save this company a sick amount of $$$$.”
“Would you put your family on a MAX simulator trained aircraft? I wouldn’t.”
“I’ll be shocked if the FAA passes this turd.”
“This is a joke. This airplane is ridiculous.”
“Best part is we are re-starting this whole thing with the 777X with the same supplier and have signed up to an even more aggressive schedule!”
“Jesus, it’s doomed.”
One of the company’s big selling points with customers had been that pilots certified for an earlier generation of 737 jets only needed a short computer course to brush up their skills for the Max. Those assurances helped make the Max Boeing’s best-selling jetliner.
The messages shared by the company at times reveal the pressure on employees -- and customers -- to avoid the additional training. They also highlighted the technical glitches that bedeviled Max simulators after the jet began flying commercially in mid-2017. Boeing said that “any potential safety deficiencies identified in the documents have been addressed.”
In one exchange about the Max flight simulators, an employee said, “honesty is the only way in this job -- integrity when lives are on the line on the aircraft and training programs shouldn’t be taken with a pinch of salt. Would you put your family on a MAX simulator trained aircraft? I wouldn’t.”
Smith, the interim Boeing CEO, reminded employees to remain professional in their interactions. “Notwithstanding the inappropriate tone and content of some of these communications, we have examined these issues closely and remain confident in our regulatory processes relating to the Max airplane and simulators.”
The missives were drafted by a small number of employees, primarily technical pilots and personnel working to develop and qualify the Max simulators, a Boeing official said by email. While all names were redacted, the company confirmed that some involved are the “same individuals” behind incendiary emails revealed last year.
‘Jedi Mind Tricks’
In messages disclosed in October, Mark Forkner, the former 737 Max Chief Technical Pilot, bragged of employing “Jedi mind tricks” on regulators and described problems in a 737 Max simulator. In instant messages, Forkner told a colleague that MCAS was “running rampant in the sim on me,” referring to simulator tests of the aircraft. “Granted, I suck at flying, but even this was egregious.”
Those messages, shared early last year with federal investigators -- but not the FAA -- sparked fury among lawmakers who later unloaded on Muilenburg during congressional hearings that followed their release.
The latest batch of communications includes a 2017 email in which someone identified as the chief technical pilot on the 737 crowed to Boeing colleagues, “Looks like my jedi mind trick worked again!” Attached was a forwarded email exchange in which the person warned an unnamed recipient against offering simulator training for Max pilots, pushing instead for the computer-based course that regulators had already approved for flight crews transitioning to Max from earlier 737 models.
“I am concerned that if [redacted] chooses to require a Max simulator for its pilots beyond what all other regulators are requiring that it will be creating a difficult and unnecessary training burden for your airline, as well as potentially establish a precedent in your region for other Max customers,” the Boeing pilot wrote in the forwarded message.
An unidentified Boeing employee in a different text message exchange brags about swaying India’s regulator “to make them feel stupid about trying to require any additional training requirements.”
Added the sender: “I just Jedi mind tricked this [sic] fools. I should be given $1000 every time I take one of these calls. I save this company a sick amount of $$$$.”
In another 2017 email, the 737 chief technical pilot again pushed back against simulator training for pilots transitioning from the older 737 NG family to the Max. “Boeing will not allow that to happen. We’ll go face to face with any regulator who tries to make that a requirement,” the pilot wrote.
MCAS Memo
In a 2013 memo, an employee discussed new software on the Max that would later be implicated in both crashes. The Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System -- which wasn’t disclosed to pilots -- activated accidentally and overwhelmed a Lion Air flight crew in 2018 and Ethiopian Airlines pilots last year.
The employee recommended describing MCAS as an addition to an existing speed trim system, instead of as a new feature. “If we emphasize MCAS is a new function there may be greater certification and training impact”
In a memo on June 1, 2018, an employee vented about a culture where managers only give lip-service to quality. The sender was warning that Boeing might not be granted an extension to fix the Max simulator at London’s Gatwick airport, which would put the device at risk of losing its qualification.
“We put ourselves in this position by picking the lowest cost supplier and signing up to impossible schedules. Why did the lowest ranking and most unproven supplier receive the contract? Solely based on bottom dollar. Not just MAX but also the 777X!”
Added the employee: “I don’t know how to fix these things... it’s systematic. It’s culture. It’s the fact that we have a senior leadership team that understand very little about the business and yet are driving us to certain objectives. Its lots of individual groups that aren’t working closely and being accountable. It exemplifies the ‘lazy B’” -- the nickname the person used for Boeing.
--With assistance from Mary Schlangenstein.
To contact the reporters on this story: Julie Johnsson in Chicago at jjohnsson@bloomberg.net;Ryan Beene in Washington at rbeene@bloomberg.net
To contact the editors responsible for this story: Brendan Case at bcase4@bloomberg.net, Will Davies
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